#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
// your code goes here
int n;cin>>n;
while(n--){
int c,b;
cin>>c>>b;
int cnt=0;
if((c/b)<=1) {
cout<<c<<endl;
continue;
}
int res=c/b;
while(res){
if(res&1) cnt++;
res=res>>1;
}
cout<<cnt*b<<endl
;
}
return 0;
}
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